Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/RS)

Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/RS) are computer-controlled systems that automatically place and retrieve loads from set storage locations in a facility with precision, accuracy and speed. They are designed for automated storage and retrieval of parts and items in manufacturing, distribution, retail, wholesale and institutions. Originating in the 1960s, AS/RS initially focused on heavy pallet loads. With the evolution of technology, the handled loads have become smaller.

Retrieval of items is accomplished by specifying the item type and quantity to be retrieved. The computer determines where in the storage area the item can be retrieved from and does the retrieval. It directs the machine to the location where the item is stored and manages the machine to deposit the item at a location where to be picked up.

After that, the AS/RS system moves the load to the storage area, determines the location for the item, and stores the load. As items are stored into or retrieved from the racks, the computer updates its inventory accordingly.

Having an ASRS in a warehouse includes multiple benefits such as: improved overall throughput, fast-paced order turnaround, improved labor retention and resiliency, increased high storage density, and increased floor space.

Within the storage, items can be placed on trays or hang from bars. These items are attached to chains/drives in order to move up and down. The equipment required for an AS/RS includes a storage & retrieval machine (SRM) that is used for rapid storage and retrieval of material. SRMs are used to move loads vertically or horizontally. The retrieval system can also move laterally to place objects in the correct storage location.

Another AS/RS technology is known as shuttle technology. In this technology the horizontal movement is made by independent shuttles. They each operate on one level of the rack while a lift at a fixed position within the rack is responsible for the vertical movement. By using two separate machines for these two axes, the shuttle technology is cost effective for high-rate solutions.

These systems are used either as stand-alone units or in integrated workstations called pods or systems. They are usually integrated with various types of pick-to-light* systems and use either a light or LED on racks or shelves to indicate pick locations for basic usage or inventory management software.

These systems are ideal for increasing space utilization up to 90%, productivity levels by 90%, accuracy to 99.9%+ levels and throughput up to 750 lines per hour/per operator or more depending on the configuration of the system.

Mini load AS/RS share the same characteristics of a shuttle whereas they store product similarly, however, it is a single retrieval shuttle. While it decreases cost, it lowers the throughput rate at its expense.

Also Note:

*This technology is best used for split case order fulfillment. There are different types of Goods to Person (GTP) technology, but the principle is the same when an automated storage system delivers Stock Keeping Units (SKU) to a stationary pick station where the operator fills discrete orders.